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Many young people have such severe eating problems that it poses a risk to their mental health. They also have a higher rate of suicidal thoughts.

Boys’ problems with body size and eating need to be taken seriously

Much more research has been done on eating problems in girls than in boys. There are major differences between the genders when it comes to symptoms and bodies, and the same technique is not as suited to detecting problems in boys, says NTNU researcher Farzaneh Saeedzadeh Sardahaee.

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Presented by: NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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Poor mental health and eating problems are clearly linked, according to a study that has reviewed data from 7350 teenagers who participated in the Young-HUNT3 (2006-08) Trøndelag Health Study.

Farzaneh Saeedzadeh Sardahaee is an NTNU researcher and specialist in psychiatry who completed the study for her doctoral dissertation. She believes that social body ideals must be challenged.

“The broad extent of disordered eating in society is surprising,” says Farzaneh Saeedzadeh Sardahaee, a researcher and psychiatrist.

“We have to talk about the ideals we set for boys and girls. It’s important to prevent the adverse effects of eating disorders in these young people,” says the researcher.

Many young people have eating problems

“The broad extent of eating disorders in society is surprising,” says Saeedzadeh Sardahaee.

A lot of young people have such severe eating problems that it poses a risk to their mental health.

“It’s time to look more broadly at the problems, so that we’re not only looking at young people with a diagnosed eating disorder. A lot of adolescents haven’t been diagnosed, because the nature and extent of their problems change over time. They don’t fit into the diagnostic system,” Saeedzadeh Sardahaee says.

“These young people still have serious problems that they’re not getting help for since they don’t have a diagnosis.”

She points out that in a school with 200 students, about 34 typically have disordered eating.

Raises risk of suicidal ideation

In general, very little research funding supports research on young people’s mental health and their relationship to body and food, according to Saeedzadeh Sardahaee. And in the research that is being done, young boys are an overlooked group.

“A lot more research has been done on eating disorders in girls than in boys. Their symptoms are different, their bodies are different,” she says.

“Measuring BMI doesn’t work as well for detecting problems in boys, who more often do strength training. Some also take anabolic steroids. In addition, eating disorders have been seen as girls’ problems,” she said.

Her research has shown that girls and boys who had disordered eating and who rated their bodies as 'not the same as others' or who were dissatisfied with their weight, had a double to fivefold risk of suicidal ideation. The risk was higher among boys.

The proportion of young people with suicidal thoughts from the entire sample was 23 per cent. Among those with eating disorders, 44.1 per cent of respondents with poor appetite and undereating had suicidal thoughts.

In the group with overeating and uncontrolled appetite, the proportion was 35 per cent. Among young people without eating problems, 20.5 per cent had suicidal thoughts.

Worry more dangerous than obesity

The research study also revealed that worrying about one’s weight is worse for mental health than actually being overweight.

“And if respondents overestimated their own body size, the mental strain was five times higher,” she said.

Saeedzadeh Sardahaee’s research also showed that genes influence to what degree and which eating problems young people develop. Typically, thin individuals will be predisposed to develop anorexia, while young people with more body fat have a greater predisposition to develop problems with overeating and bulimia.

The research showed that

  • Young people with eating problems are more exposed to other mental health problems.
  • Young people with eating problems have a higher risk of suicidal ideation.
  • Genetic predisposition to obesity also increases the risk of disordered eating.
  • Young people with overweight, weight anxiety and who consider their body to be bigger than it is, have a higher risk of mental problems.
  • Worry related to weight is associated with mental illness.
  • Young boys are more vulnerable than young girls.

References:

Farzaneh Saeedzadeh Sardahaee et.al: Suicidal ideation in relation to disordered eating, body size and weight perception: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian adolescent population: the HUNT Study. BMJ Open, 2019.

Farzaneh Saeedzadeh Sardahaee et al: Effects of single genetic variants and polygenic obesity risk scores on disordered eating in adolescents – The HUNT study. NTNU Open, 2017.

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ntnu health food and nutrition obesity disorder children and adolescents psychology partner mental health
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