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These teachers were among the hundreds who were arrested and shipped to northern Norway to work in labour camps. Their housing was made from a thin cardboard.

1,100 Norwegian teachers refused to teach Nazi ideology to their students

They were tortured, imprisoned, and starved. 

Nancy Bazilchuk Science Writer, Norwegian SciTech News
Presented by: NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Published

When Hitler’s troops stormed into Norway on April 9, 1940, Germany’s goal was to secure the country’s 1,200 kilometre-long coastline. They needed iron ore from Swedish mines to flow to the northern Norwegian port of Narvik — and eventually to the German war machine.

But that wasn’t all that Hitler and his followers hoped for, as Norwegian teachers would come to learn.

Podcast: 1,100 Norwegian teachers fought Hitler — and won

The episode discusses Hitler's strategic occupation of Norway in 1940 for resources and the attempt to Nazify Norwegian education, which was met with strong, secretive resistance from teachers, resulting in severe consequences for many.

Listen to the episode here.

Vidkun Quisling, a Nazi collaborator who nominally headed the Norwegian government during the occupation, wanted Norway to embrace Nazi ideology. 

He decided the best way to do this was through teachers and schoolchildren.

Josef Terboven and Vidkun Quisling during WWII when Nazi Germany occupied Norway.

In February 1942, he ordered all teachers to join a new union that would require them to introduce Nazi doctrine to their students. Students were also ordered to join the Norwegian equivalent of the Hitler Youth.

But the teachers refused.

Months of torture and hard work

A propaganda poster promoting Quisling’s Nazi-oriented youth group for Norwegian children, the NSUF.

The teachers organised using tactics right out of a spy movie to organise their response to Quisling’s demands, Martin Øystese said on 63 Degrees North, NTNU’s English-language podcast.

Øystese is an assistant professor at NTNU’s Department of Teacher Education.

“They have contacts in different places, and they send people out with messages, sometimes written with invisible ink, sometimes hidden in match boxes,” he said. 

For their efforts, 1,100 were arrested — and subjected to months of starvation, torture, and hard labour. At least one teacher died during their ordeal.

Øystese and NTNU colleague Unni Eikeseth published a comprehensive retelling of the teacher’s rebellion in a three-part podcast last year (link in Norwegian), on the 80th anniversary of the uprising.

The teachers’ fight against Nazism is history, but the fight to keep schools open and free for all kinds of expression is equally relevant today.

Reference:

Hetland et al. Navigating troubled waters: collaboration and resistance in state institutions in Nazi-occupied Norway, Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 46, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2020.1846075

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