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Even older adults get STIs
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections among people aged 60 to 89 years is increasing in some regions of the world. Preventive measures should also be directed towards this age group, researchers believe.
People around the world live longer than ever before. The number of people above the age of 60 will almost double by 2050, according to WHO.
As we grow older, our health typically decreases. Our immune system becomes weaker, and we become more susceptible to infections. This includes HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes.
“HIV and other STIs are equally prevalent in the sexually active older population as in the young population. We need to pay attention to STIs in the older population," Evando Fei Fang says. He is an associate professor at the University of Oslo's Institute of Clinical Medicine.
Fang and colleagues have analysed the global trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HIV and other STIs. They have looked at figures for older adults aged 60 to 89 years from 1990 to 2019.
The study included data from 204 countries and was recently published in The Lancet Healthy Longevity.
Increasing numbers in some regions
Globally, the number of older adults with HIV and STIs has decreased over the last decades. Even so, the number of new cases indicate that STIs in older adults continues to be a public health challenge.
At the global level, there were more than 77,000 new cases of HIV and almost 26.5 million new cases of other STIs in older adults in 2019.
Furthermore, in some regions, the number of people who become infected is increasing.
“Despite the global decrease in the age-standardised incidence rate of HIV and other SITs in older adults from 1990 to 2019, many regions showed increases. The largest increases were in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and high-income Asia-Pacific. This is a concerning trend," Fang says.
Older adults are more susceptible to STIs
Sexually active older adults are often more susceptible to HIV and other STIs than younger people. Various health conditions, especially the weakened immune system in older adults, can explain why.
However, the picture is more complex. Various biological, psychological, cultural, and societal factors contribute to the higher susceptibility.
Prevention programmes often exclude older populations
Since we live longer and more of us get divorced, older adults more often than before get new partners.
Even so, fewer in this age group use protective methods such as condoms, and they are less likely to get tested for STIs.
“In general, there is a lot of attention on the prevention of HIV and other STIs in younger populations. Older individuals are often excluded from prevention programmes,” Fang says.
Lack of awareness about sexuality in older adults
Healthcare professionals are also not always aware about sexuality and sexual activity in older adults.
This may lead to inadequate communication to older people regarding sexual health and the risk of HIV and other STIs.
On the other hand, advances in the treatment of HIV and STIs likely also contribute to a higher incidence in some parts of the world, since people who have these conditions live longer than before.
Infected while travelling abroad
Travelling to foreign countries has become more accessible to a considerable part of the world’s population over the last decades.
The researchers describe that the widespread use of erectile dysfunction medications and accessible sex industries in some countries and regions further contribute to the spread of STIs among older adults.
Subtle increase of STIs among older adults in Norway
The study analysed data for different countries and regions separately.
In Norway, HIV infections are very rare among older adults. Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, the estimated incidence rate increased from 1,642 cases per 100,000 in this age group in 1990 to 1,738 cases per 100,000 in 2019
“This is an early alarm to the general older population and the Norwegian public health authorities,” Fang says.
Overall, the study shows that Norway is doing a good job in controlling HIV and STIs. Nevertheless, Fang has some recommendations for the Norwegian health authorities:
“The most important interventions are those focusing on education and raising awareness about the issue among both health personnel and older adults. Addressing stigma and misconceptions is also central. Healthcare providers could also collaborate with senior centres and relevant organisations to address the issue,” Fang says.
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This article was updated 08.02.2024 at 12:20 to include more accurate figures regarding the incidence of STIs among the older Norwegian population.
Reference:
Fu et al. Global, regional, and national burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in older adults aged 60–89 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet Healthy Longevity, vol. 5, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00214-3
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