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In an exhibition in Norway, researchers and curators have showcased examples of how Oslo residents envision their city in a few years. The image is a detail from the exhibition Beyond Barcode.

Envisioning a radically different future makes us more prepared

Authorities should look to creative visions of the future when making contingency plans. Researchers have now developed methods to explore people's thoughts about an uncertain future.

Mari Lilleslåtten
COMMUNICATIONS ADVISER
Presented by: University of Oslo
Published

When researchers seek answers to their questions, they typically document and analyse information they have derived through observation, experiments, or work with historical sources. 

They are cautious about predicting the future because we have no experience with it, yet. 

But at the University of Oslo, some researchers are committed to exploring the future. 

Bodhisattva Chattopadhyay leads numerous research projects dealing with science fiction and the future.

“We don't just ask what people envision, but how they imagine the future,” Bodhisattva Chattopadhyay says. 

He leads a research organisation where researchers from six countries work together. They explore questions about climate, storytelling, artificial intelligence, and, not least, science fiction. 

“We collaborate with artists, and the results of the research are not just articles and books but also fiction, films, dance performances, social media accounts, and an exhibition,” says Chattopadhyay.

Useful knowledge from the periphery 

When we envision the future, what are our imaginations actually based on? 

Some of it might come from projections and scenarios that politicians use to plan for the future. 

In our time, these are filled with grim predictions about democracies in crisis, a planet ravaged by war and climate change, and an ageing population requiring more care than the welfare state can provide. 

“Many people are also strongly influenced by popular culture, particularly science fiction. But cultural expressions from the Western and English-speaking world dominate,” Chattopadhyay points out. 

Together with his research colleagues, he has held workshops for citizens from what he refers to as the periphery: from South America, Africa, Asia, and a small cold country in the north with 5.5 million inhabitants. 

“The goal has been to create awareness that people envision the future differently depending on where they are in the world. And to demonstrate that it's indeed possible to envision alternatives to established notions,” he says.  

To generate new knowledge, they have developed methods through workshops in 19 countries. They have met with artists, researchers, engineers, and UN employees. Most importantly, they have met ‘ordinary people.' 

They will soon make these methods accessible for everyone to use.

Exhibition based on ideas from local youth 

When Bergsveinn Thorsson heard local Oslo residents' visions of the future, he recognised many elements from science fiction. However, underlying all of them were visions of reducing social inequality.

In Norway, the Beyond Barcode exhibition at the Oslo Museum is a tangible result of the research project. Here, the public can explore seven different future scenarios based on ideas from local Oslo residents. 

“We maintained a completely open approach. During the workshops, we asked participants to envision the future in 30, 50 years, and even further into the future,” says museologist and cultural researcher Bergsveinn Thorsson. 

He developed the exhibition together with Chattopadhyay, graphic designers, scenographers, and museum staff. The researchers were careful not to impose any directives; this was intended to be a creative process. 

“On the surface, it looks familiar, particularly visually. Participants envisioned skyscrapers and hovercrafts, much like what you see in popular science fiction films. But if you look closely, you can spot some radical ideas,” Thorsson points out. 

The underwater hotel Havria is one example. It is a luxury hotel, but for everyone. It can be a refuge for someone needing a break or for someone fleeing from war. 

Thorsson explains that social differences became a central theme. The scenarios are about removing the limitations that exist today. In many ideas, technology solves problems, for example through robots.

Oslo in the year 2092. The underwater hotel Havria is the first of seven future scenarios in the exhibition Beyond Barcode. The hotel is constructed from 'old' plastic and waste but offers luxury standards and is accessible to everyone.
In Essence of Grønland (year 2063), the Norwegian language has evolved into ‘Nynynorsk’ featuring seven new letters that characterise the signs of the local businesses.
In The Lid Coup (2050s), an unfinished shopping centre has been occupied by neighbourhood activists, adding colour and life to what could have become a grey concrete structure.
In the Chill Plaza (2222), Oslo is underwater, a circular economy has been established, energy is produced from waste, and people live on pills.
In 2200, Oslo has been destroyed by a man-made apocalypse. Through an application process, a lucky few can be selected to live a good life in the flying vessels (think Helicarrier from Avengers) Cloud 9 and 7th Heaven.
In the year 2050, Oslo residents seamlessly combine physical and virtual reality. In the Reality ++ scenario, everyone contributes to local activities such as farming to keep physical life meaningful.

The fear of climate change shapes many ideas about the future, and this is visible in the exhibition. For example, several scenarios are set in an Oslo submerged under water. 

“But surprisingly, climate change is not the dominant theme – it's more about how we want to live after the climate crisis is resolved, or after we’ve adapted to different climates, for example with underwater public transport,” he says. 

Museums showcase more than just the past 

“At a museum, people often expect exhibitions about the past,” says Annelise Bothner-By.

Along with Anders Bettum, she is part of the curator team from Oslo Museum. 

“So, when we exhibit the future, it may seem surprising. But museums are also concerned with preserving things for the future. And regardless of whether we work with the future or the past, the museum has a role in creating shared narratives that make experiences in our society relevant today,” she says.  

Curator Annelise Bothner-By believes that Beyond Barcode stands out from many other museum exhibits. "It is collectively created and constantly evolving," she says.

The curator describes working closely with researchers as fun and rewarding.

“Usually, you start with research and then create the exhibition afterwards to show what you've discovered. This is entirely different. Here, the exhibition work was also part of the research process,” she says.  

Bothner-By explains that the future scenarios excite everyone from nursery school children to grandmothers. The public gets to participate in thinking about and creating visions for the future of the capital. 

“Here, the identity of the sender is less important. Most of it is collectively created and constantly changing. The public can also contribute to changing the exhibitions,” she says. 

Researchers contribute to UN 2.0 

In 1987, the UN report Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report, was released. 

It brought sustainable development to the forefront of the international agenda and has been a foundation for the UN's work ever since. In 2021, UN Secretary-General Antonio Gutierrez launched a new vision: Our Common Agenda.

“It's a recognition that the sustainable development goals and a common future haven't worked, and that the world needs to agree on a set of forward-looking ideas instead,” says Bodhisattva Chattopadhyay.

The agenda includes 12 key proposals, one of which is to upgrade the UN. 

This is where the research organisation comes in. The researchers are now collaborating with UN Global Pulse, tasked with developing a UN 2.0 – a new and improved UN capable of functioning even better.

“We contribute to one of the five priority areas, which is called strategic foresight. We do this by conducting workshops with our methods to achieve change and innovation across the UN system,” he says.  

Imagining the future is a form of preparedness 

According to Bergsveinn Thorsson, the methods the researchers have used align with a long tradition. It involves allowing the public to participate in decision-making processes and policy making.

“But you often get the feeling that it isn’t taken seriously,” he says. 

In facing an unknown future, it can be crucial to bring different people together to rethink how we would respond in a radically different situation. 

“It's about getting people to consider what we really want to happen, but also to imagine a wildly improbable scenario and think about how we would handle it,” he says. 

The researcher has often been met with laughter when he mentions science fiction as a resource. 

“It might involve aliens and other fantastical elements, but what makes a sci-fi film or book good is that it speaks to our current times. We have visions of apocalypse and crisis, but what does a carbon-neutral society really look like?" he says. 

Thorsson points out that as it stands, we are in a climate crisis. Yet we continue doing the same things as before. 

"With our methods, we aim to break free from the patterns we are trapped in and explore new possibilities,” he says. 

About the research

Cofutures started as a research project funded by the European Research Council in 2020. Today, it functions as an organisation and a network of projects and researchers all studying science fiction, climate, artificial intelligence, and the future. 

Bodhisattva Chattopadhyay is the leader of several of the projects. Bergsveinn Thorsson led the work on the exhibition Beyond Barcode as a postdoctoral fellow in the sub-project Science Fictionality. He is now an associate professor at Bifröst University in Iceland. 

Read more about the various projects on the Cofutures website (cofutures.org). 

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