This is important if you want to feel good about yourself

Emotions are complicated things. Researchers have found some differences between men and women, but for the most part, it's the same factors play the biggest part in whether we feel good about ourselves.

“We investigated differences between the sexes and the relationships between factors that influence participants’ motivation and well-being,” says Professor Hermundur Sigmundsson at NTNU’s Department of Psychology.

He has spent many years studying what it takes for people to achieve their goals, and in this context, how the genders differ and what they have in common.

This time, however, he and his colleagues have approached the topic from a broader perspective.

Men have greater passion and belief that they can succeed

The researchers found that men tend to have greater belief in their ability to succeed than women do. They call this ‘self-efficacy.’ Previously, they have found that men are also more passionate than women.

“The new study supports our previous findings: men are more passionate,” says Sigmundsson.

Despite the differences in passion and self-efficacy, the genders are remarkably similar in most areas.

The researchers found no differences between the genders when it comes to grit, growth mindset (attitude, belief in growth), sense of meaning in life, how well people function in daily life over time (flourishing), or how they are affected by temporary positive and negative emotions.

But some things stand out.

Meaning in life and self-efficacy are fundamental

According to the researchers, the various factors all influence each other, but the relationships are very complicated.

“We find the strongest association between feeling that life has meaning and feeling good about oneself," says Sigmundsson.

Regardless of whether you are a man or a woman, self-efficacy is also very important. Having a high level of self-efficacy is simply a huge advantage – the absolute belief that you will succeed at something. 

"There's a strong association between self-efficacy and positive emotions. And for people who really feel good about themselves,  those who truly flourish, self-efficacy plays a key role,” he explains.

Developing self-efficacy is therefore essential. The findings also show how important the interaction is between motivation and well-being.

How to develop self-efficacy

• Mentors such as parents, teachers, and coaches play a key role in boosting an individual’s self-efficacy. Their role is to find the right challenges for the individual.
• People who receive the right challenges in relation to their skills will experience flow. Flow is important in relation to experiencing mastery and developing self-efficacy.
• Self-efficacy can boost the feeling that you are capable of achieving something. This feeling is important for taking on new challenges.

Need to study more cultures

The research team investigated 479 participants in Iceland: 336 women and 143 men. The average age was 32 years.

The findings are useful for future research, but the researchers stress that the study may be influenced by the gender imbalance, cultural factors, and the fact that the participants self-reported how they felt about themselves.

They believe a follow-up study should address the problems related to the sample of participants and include more cultures.

Reference: 

Sigmundsson et al. Motivation, meaning and well-being: Exploring gender differences and associations in participants from Iceland, Acta Psychologica, vol. 258, 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105177

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Read the Norwegian version of this article on forskning.no

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