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Half of all men over 60 have prostate cancer:
A new AI tool could help doctors

Increasing use of blood tests to detect prostate cancer is leading to overworked doctors. Researchers have now created an AI diagnostic tool that can help.

Woman in a lab coat handling samples in a lab.
Professor Tone Frost Bathen leads a number of research projects on prostate cancer. Samples from patients are invaluable and are stored in liquid nitrogen.
Anne Sliper Midling journalist at Norwegian SciTech News
Presented by: Presented by: Presented by: NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Published

Diagnostic tools based on artificial intelligence are now making their way into Norwegian hospitals. 

AI can independently read X-ray images and detect bone fractures, or assess cancer tumours in both breasts and the prostate.

“AI tools can take over the detection of simple and clear-cut cases, allowing doctors to spend their time on more complex ones,” says Tone Frost Bathen. 

She is a professor at NTNU and the project manager of an AI-powered analysis tool for prostate cancer called PROVIZ.

Tests on patients show that the tool is very promising

“AI can enable radiologists to determine more quickly and more accurately whether a patient needs a biopsy, and where in the prostate it should be taken from,” says Bathen.

A new study shows that patients trust medical test results only if an experienced doctor confirms what has been detected.

“Trust in doctors and healthcare workers is key for artificial intelligence to gain a place in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Technology alone is not enough. Human contact and professional assessment remain indispensable,” says Simon A. Berger, a PhD candidate at NTNU.

Prostate cancer is a natural part of getting older

Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer among men in Western countries.

Studies have detected prostate cancer in 10 per cent of 50-year-olds, 50 per cent of 60-year-olds, and approximately 70 per cent of men over the age of 80.

This shows that the disease is naturally linked to ageing.

“Prostate cancer is something most men die with, not from,” says Berger.

A blood test called PSA can help detect prostate cancer. Since it has become more common for men to take this blood test, the number of new prostate cancer cases has risen sharply. There are now approximately 5,000 new cases in Norway each year.

When more people are tested for something that many naturally have as part of the ageing process, the next medical step after the blood test must also be carried out more often, so that doctors can obtain a broader clinical picture of its severity.

Woman in a white lab coat photographed by large lab equipment.
“The project started as early as 2018. It takes a long time to develop diagnostic tools in medicine because safety standards must be high. The application alone to be allowed to test the tool on patients was 500 pages. It's important to create a tool that clearly shows how the result was reached, and that fits into a busy hospital workday,” says Tone Frost Bathen.

The images are currently interpreted manually

Currently, this next step involves taking an MRI scan, which provides a detailed image of the prostate gland and the surrounding tissue. These images need to be interpreted manually by an experienced radiologist. 

As the number of images taken has increased sharply, this has created a need for new and more efficient ways of making diagnoses.

Through the project, researchers at NTNU have developed an AI-powered tool that can help doctors interpret MRI images of the prostate. 

The tool is currently only available for use as part of the ongoing research project, but efforts are underway to apply for a patent and make the tool commercially available.

We trust doctors most when the risk is high

For a tool like this to be efficiency-enhancing in routine hospital practice, patients must also trust the findings detected through the use of AI.

Berger interviewed 18 men who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer using the new tool. 

The study shows that trust in doctors and healthcare workers plays a decisive role in whether patients accept AI in healthcare.

“Patients trust AI in lower-risk cases such as bone fractures, but not in cases where the perceived risk is higher, such as cancer. When the perceived risk is high, we place the greatest trust in specialised doctors who can confirm what AI has found,” he explains.

Man with glasses standing next to large scientific instrument in a lab
“Patients have high expectations that AI can be used for faster diagnostics and to reduce healthcare waiting lists. Many see AI as a kind of safety valve, an additional resource that doctors can use alongside their professional judgment,” says Simon A. Berger.

Different forms of trust

Berger found three different dimensions of trust in his interviews.

  1. Foundational trust in the healthcare system: Many patients had positive experiences from previous encounters with the healthcare system. This laid a positive foundation.
  2. Inter-personal trust in healthcare workers: Patients trusted the doctors and their assessments. This trust was crucial for accepting AI because the doctors explained and vouched for the technology.
  3. Possible trust in AI: Although patients recognised the potential of AI, they always wanted a human assessment as well in prostate cancer diagnostics. They were concerned about accountability, professional judgement, and AI’s ability to see the whole clinical picture.

Doctors as guarantors

“The relationship between patient and doctor is still key," says Berger.

For AI to be accepted in clinical practice, healthcare workers must be active communicators and guarantors of safety. 

In order for doctors to serve as guarantors, they must first understand how AI arrived at its conclusions so they can verify that it has made the correct assessment. 

"Patients accept the use of AI within a framework they already trust,” the researcher says.

Woman stands by an MRI machine
NTNU owns an MRI scanner at St. Olavs Hospital that is currently undergoing a major upgrade. It helps researchers obtain the best possible images to be used in, among other things, PROVIZ. “Unfortunately, there are few investors in medical technology right now, but we hope that someone sees the societal value of our project,” says Professor Tone Frost Bathen at NTNU.

Reference:

Berger et al. Patient Perspectives on Trust in Artificial Intelligence–Powered Tools in Prostate Cancer Diagnostics, Qualitative Health Research, 2025. DOI: 10.1177/10497323251387545

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Read the Norwegian version of this article on forskning.no

High international competition for commercial AI tools

Several research groups around the world are now working on developing AI-based diagnostic tools for prostate cancer.

PROVIZ has completed its first clinical testing in collaboration with St. Olavs Hospital, and the results were good. The next step is a much larger clinical trial, as well as a regulatory approval process.

“Right now, we are seeking approximately 20 million NOK to finance this phase. Once funding is in place, the tool could be on the market in the US within a year, and in Europe in just over a year,” says Gabriel Addio Nketiah, a researcher at NTNU and responsible for the commercialization of PROVIZ.

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